Persistent dysexecutive syndrome after pneumococcal meningitis complicated by recurrent ischemic strokes: A case report
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Laura Abbruzzese1, Giulia Martinelli1, Giulia Salti1
1CRT, Tuscany Rehabilitation Clinic, Montevarchi, Arezzo 52025, Italy.
Background:
Meningitis is a possible complication of pneumococcal infection concerning acute otitis media and sinusitis. It might compromise cognitive function, both for the infection itself and the vascular events that sometimes follow the acute phase.
Case Summary:
Here we describe the case of a 32-year-old female patient admitted to the emergency room due to extensive pneumococcal meningitis as a consequence of sinus outbreak. She presented with extensive laminar ischemic damage in the acute phase, resulting in severe cognitive and behavioural impairment. Four years of follow-up, through neuropsychological assessments and neuroradiological investigations, demonstrated the presence of subsequent vascular events, 3 months and 2 years after onset.
Conclusion:
The case is discussed in light of scientific knowledge of the long-term outcomes of this pathology in order to potentially improve diagnosis and promote better outcomes.
Insights
Pneumococcal meningitis, often from sinusitis, can cause severe cognitive deficits due to brain damage. Long-term follow-up revealed delayed vascular events, highlighting the need for vigilant monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Pneumococcal meningitis can arise from acute otitis media and sinusitis.
- It poses a risk to cognitive function, potentially causing vascular events.
Observation:
- A 32-year-old female experienced extensive pneumococcal meningitis secondary to a sinus infection.
- She presented with acute laminar ischemic damage leading to severe cognitive and behavioral impairment.
Findings:
- Neuropsychological and neuroradiological follow-up over four years revealed subsequent vascular events at 3 months and 2 years post-onset.
- This indicates a prolonged risk of cerebrovascular complications following pneumococcal meningitis.
Implications:
- This case underscores the importance of recognizing meningitis as a serious complication of common infections.
- Improved diagnostic strategies and long-term patient monitoring are crucial for better outcomes in pneumococcal meningitis survivors.
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