Advances in Understanding and Managing Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Narrative Review

Area of Science:

• Hepatology
• Immunology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) involves immune-driven liver damage, inflammation, and fibrosis.
• Historical context and evolution of AIH classification and diagnostic criteria are presented.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive, up-to-date narrative review of recent advances in AIH.
• To cover pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of AIH.
• Analysis of historical data, epidemiological studies, and clinical trial outcomes.

Main Results:

• AIH prevalence varies globally, influenced by genetics, infections, and drug exposure.
• Pathogenesis involves immune dysregulation, T cells, and potentially the gut microbiome.
• Standard treatments (glucocorticoids, azathioprine) and emerging therapies are discussed.

Conclusions:

• Early diagnosis and personalized treatment are crucial for better AIH patient outcomes.
• Further research and clinical trials are essential to optimize AIH management and long-term prognosis.