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Related Concept Videos

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Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs but also impacts other areas, such as the arms, thereby impairing overall circulation and organ function.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty deposits inside the arterial...
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

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Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Related Experiment Video

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A Model of Disturbed Flow-Induced Atherosclerosis in Mouse Carotid Artery by Partial Ligation and a Simple Method of RNA Isolation from Carotid Endothelium
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High-density lipoprotein dysfunction in carotid artery stenosis.

Almila Senat1, Mehmet Ilker Yon2, Gokhan Yuce3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazit University Faculty of Medicine Ankara City Hospital, Turkey.

VASA. Zeitschrift Fur Gefasskrankheiten
|August 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is linked to carotid artery stenosis (CAS). Ratios of myeloperoxidase/paraoxonase 1 (MPO/PON1) and MPO/arylesterase (MPO/ARE) may predict atherosclerosis risk.

Keywords:
Arylesteraseatherosclerosiscarotid stenosisdysfunctional HDLmyeloperoxidaseparaoxonase

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Biochemistry
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • High-density lipoprotein (HDL) normally protects against atherosclerosis.
  • Inflammatory changes can cause HDL dysfunction, promoting atherosclerosis.
  • Investigating HDL dysfunction markers in carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess HDL dysfunction in patients with CAS.
  • To measure enzyme-based markers and lipid hydroperoxides in CAS patients.
  • To identify potential serum markers for HDL functionality and atherosclerosis risk.

Main Methods:

  • Duplex ultrasound was used to diagnose CAS.
  • 52 CAS patients and 51 controls were enrolled.
  • Serum levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), arylesterase (ARE), and lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) were measured.

Main Results:

  • CAS patients showed increased MPO and LOOH levels, with decreased PON1 activity.
  • HDL levels did not differ significantly between CAS and control groups.
  • MPO/PON1, MPO/ARE, and LOOH/PON1 ratios were significantly elevated in the CAS group.

Conclusions:

  • MPO/PON1 and MPO/ARE ratios may serve as serum markers for monitoring HDL function and assessing atherosclerosis risk.
  • The LOOH/PON1 ratio could aid in early detection of HDL's pro-atherosclerotic transformation.
  • These markers offer potential for improved cardiovascular disease risk assessment.