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Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
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Are physiological oscillations physiological?

Lingyun Ivy Xiong1,2, Alan Garfinkel3

  • 1Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

The Journal of Physiology
|August 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physiological oscillations are critical for avoiding toxic chemical levels, resisting noise, and synchronizing cellular functions. Rethinking homeostasis with nonlinear dynamics reveals the dynamic importance of biological rhythms in health and disease.

Keywords:
Hopf bifurcationlimit cyclenegative feedbackoscillationsynchronization

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Area of Science:

  • Systems Biology
  • Physiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The functional significance of physiological oscillations remains largely undefined.
  • Even well-established oscillatory processes like glycolysis have unclear roles.
  • Traditional homeostasis models fail to capture the dynamic nature of biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To argue for the critical physiological roles of oscillations using a systems approach.
  • To highlight how oscillations prevent desensitization and toxic chemical accumulation.
  • To propose a paradigm shift from homeostasis to a dynamic view of health and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Systems-level analysis of physiological processes.
  • Application of nonlinear dynamics principles.
  • Examination of oscillatory mechanisms in pancreatic beta-cells and embryonic development.

Main Results:

  • Oscillations enable systems to avoid desensitization and toxic chemical levels, and increase noise resistance.
  • Oscillations facilitate reconciliation of incompatible conditions (e.g., oxidation-reduction) and synchronization of units.
  • In pancreatic beta-cells, synchronized oscillations drive pulsatile insulin release; in development, they regulate cell diversity and pattern formation.

Conclusions:

  • Oscillatory processes are functionally vital, challenging the traditional homeostasis doctrine.
  • A dynamic, nonlinear approach is necessary to understand biological rhythms and their role in health and disease.
  • Nonlinear dynamics can identify pacemaking mechanisms across cellular, tissue, and system levels.