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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation

Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation

Introduction
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.

Preparation of Alkynes: Dehydrohalogenation

Preparation of Alkynes: Dehydrohalogenation

Introduction
Alkynes can be prepared by dehydrohalogenation of vicinal or geminal dihalides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. The reaction proceeds with the loss of two equivalents of hydrogen halide (HX) via two successive E2 elimination reactions.

Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction

Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction

Introduction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.

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Updated: Jul 18, 2025

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

Alkynyl-protected Ag₂₀ Rh₂ Nanocluster with Atomic Precision: Structure Analysis and Tri-functionality Catalytic

Lei Wang¹, Leyi Chen¹, Lubing Qin¹

¹New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.

Chemistry, an Asian Journal

|August 25, 2023

Summary

Atomically precise silver-rhodium nanoclusters (Ag20Rh2) show superior catalytic activity for multiple reactions, including hydrogen evolution and pollutant degradation, due to their unique structure and exposed active sites.

Keywords:

Ag20Rh2 nanocluster Hydrogen evolution reaction Methyl orange degradation Reduction of 4-nitrophenol Structure analysis

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Preparation of Silver-Palladium Alloyed Nanoparticles for Plasmonic Catalysis under Visible-Light Illumination

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Last Updated: Jul 18, 2025

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

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Published on: April 10, 2015

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

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Published on: June 24, 2022

Preparation of Silver-Palladium Alloyed Nanoparticles for Plasmonic Catalysis under Visible-Light Illumination

Preparation of Silver-Palladium Alloyed Nanoparticles for Plasmonic Catalysis under Visible-Light Illumination

Published on: August 18, 2020

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Catalysis

Background:

Atomically precise nanoclusters offer unique catalytic properties.
Silver-rhodium (AgRh) alloy nanoclusters are of interest for catalysis.
Understanding nanocluster structure-activity relationships is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize an atomically precise Ag20Rh2 nanocluster.
To investigate the trifunctional catalytic applications of Ag20Rh2.
To compare the catalytic performance of Ag20Rh2 with larger AgRh nanoparticles.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of alkynyl-protected Ag20Rh2 nanoclusters with atomic precision.
Structural characterization using advanced techniques.
Evaluation of catalytic activity in electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), 4-nitrophenol reduction, and methyl orange degradation.

Main Results:

The Ag20Rh2 nanocluster possesses a twisted rod-like structure with a Ag4@Rh2 kernel and Ag8 cubes.
Ag20Rh2 exhibits superatomic characteristics with four free valence electrons.
Superior catalytic performance of Ag20Rh2 compared to larger AgRh nanoparticles in all tested reactions.

Conclusions:

The study introduces a new alkynyl-protected AgRh nanocluster with atomic precision.
The ultrasmall size and exposed active sites of Ag20Rh2 contribute to its enhanced catalytic efficiency.
Atomically precise nanoclusters are promising candidates for multifunctional catalysts.