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Caries clusters at lesion-severity thresholds: A Sierra Leone case study.

L Sibanda1,2, S G Ghotane3, E Bernabe4

  • 1Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, Denmark Hill Campus, London, UK.

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology
|August 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Dental caries is prevalent in Sierra Leonean adolescents, forming three distinct clusters of decay experience. Adolescents outside the Western region face a higher risk, highlighting the need for targeted public health interventions.

Keywords:
caries patternscariologycluster analysisepidemiology

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Dental Research

Background:

  • Dental caries is a significant global health issue, particularly in lower-income countries undergoing dietary transitions.
  • Understanding disease patterns is crucial for effective public health strategies in oral health.
  • Adolescents in Sierra Leone face a growing challenge from preventable dental conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and analyze dental caries clusters in 15-year-old adolescents in Sierra Leone.
  • To explore the association between sociodemographic factors and caries prevalence.
  • To inform public health policy and oral health integration into primary care and school systems.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary analysis of 490 adolescents from the Sierra Leone national oral health survey.
  • Hierarchical cluster analysis of dental caries experience using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) at four decay detection thresholds.
  • Ordered logistic regression to assess sociodemographic factors associated with caries clusters.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct dental caries clusters (low, medium, high decay experience) were identified across all decay detection thresholds.
  • 28.8% low, 55.1% medium, and 15.9% high caries status were observed for clinical decay.
  • Adolescents outside the Western region showed a significantly higher likelihood of experiencing decay.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescents in Sierra Leone exhibit three distinct caries experience levels, irrespective of the detection threshold.
  • The study underscores the importance of considering different decay detection thresholds in epidemiological assessments.
  • Geographic region, particularly outside the Western area, is a key factor associated with higher caries experience in adolescents.