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Updated: Jul 18, 2025
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Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design
Published on: May 31, 2021
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Beyond Bullying, Aggression, Discrimination, and Social Safety: Development of an Integrated Negative Work Behavior
Cokkie Verschuren1, Maria Tims1, Annet H De Lange2,3,4,5,6
1Department of Management and Organization, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Summary
This study developed a comprehensive questionnaire to measure the full spectrum of negative work behaviors (NWBs), including physical, material, psychological, sociocultural, and digital forms. The tool identifies perpetrators, targets, and witnesses, offering a unified approach to understanding workplace harm.
Area of Science:
- Organizational Psychology
- Occupational Health
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Negative work behaviors (NWBs) encompass various forms like bullying, aggression, and discrimination.
- Existing research often examines NWBs in isolation, hindering scientific integration and comprehensive understanding.
- Employee well-being is significantly threatened by pervasive NWBs in the workplace.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a valid diagnostic tool measuring the full spectrum of negative work behaviors (NWBs).
- To integrate diverse NWB constructs into a single, comprehensive measurement instrument.
- To facilitate scientific integration and a holistic understanding of workplace aggression and harm.
Main Methods:
- Content analysis of 44 existing NWB measurement instruments and 48 research studies.
- Expert review with three specialists to ensure content validity and identify potential gaps.
- Development of a multi-dimensional questionnaire covering various NWB types, actors, roles, and experienced harm.
Main Results:
- A novel questionnaire was created, measuring physical, material, psychological, sociocultural, and digital NWBs.
- The instrument captures a wide range of potential actors (internal/external) and their roles (target, perpetrator, witness, etc.).
- The questionnaire assesses the types of harm experienced, including bodily, material, mental, and social damage.
Conclusions:
- The developed questionnaire offers a content-valid measure for the entire spectrum of NWBs.
- This tool enables a more integrated and comprehensive approach to studying and addressing negative work behaviors.
- Findings contribute to a better understanding of workplace harm and employee well-being by considering diverse NWB facets.
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