Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Problem-Solving01:29

Problem-Solving

195
Effective problem-solving consists of two steps: 1. identifying the problem and 2. selecting the appropriate problem-solving strategy (i.e., a plan of action used to find a solution). Humans use four problem-solving strategies:
195
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

421
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
421
Methods of Documentation III: PIE01:21

Methods of Documentation III: PIE

1.4K
Problem-intervention-evaluation (PIE) is a systematic approach to documentation used in healthcare settings for clinical decision-making and patient care planning. It is a structured approach to organizing patient data based on problems, interventions, and evaluations. Here's a breakdown of its key features and considerations:
1.4K
Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

5.5K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
5.5K
Solving Problems in Physics02:32

Solving Problems in Physics

5.9K
Problem-solving is the ability to apply general physical principles to specific situations, usually expressed by equations. It is an essential skill in physics, and can also be useful for applying physics in everyday life as well. Analytical skills and problem-solving abilities can be applied to new situations, compared to a list of facts, which can never be extensive enough to include every possible circumstance. To solve physics problems, a certain amount of creativity and insight is...
5.9K
Intelligence01:27

Intelligence

7.8K
The term "intelligence" is complex because it refers to both behavior and individuals, and its interpretation varies across cultures. European Americans tend to link intelligence with reasoning and cognitive skills, while in Kenya, it is tied to responsible participation in family and social life. In Uganda, intelligence is seen as the ability to know the right actions and carry them out effectively, while the Iatmul people of Papua New Guinea associate it with the capacity to remember...
7.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Worked examples, cognitive aptitudes and the self-explanation mechanism - A replication.

The British journal of educational psychology·2026
Same author

Promises and challenges of generative artificial intelligence for human learning.

Nature human behaviour·2024
Same author

Large-Scale Item-Level Analysis of the Figural Matrices Test in the Norwegian Armed Forces: Examining Measurement Precision and Sex Bias.

Journal of Intelligence·2024
Same author

Erratum: A Constrained Metropolis-Hastings Robbins-Monro Algorithm for Q Matrix Estimation in DINA Models.

Psychometrika·2024
Same author

Fast estimation of generalized linear latent variable models for performance and process data with ordinal, continuous, and count observed variables.

The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology·2024
Same author

Promoting Complex Problem Solving by Introducing Schema-Governed Categories of Key Causal Models.

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same journal

Career Adaptability and Academic Achievement Among Chinese High School Students: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study of Social Cognitive and Metacognitive Mediating Mechanisms.

Journal of Intelligence·2026
Same journal

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Preservice Science Teachers' Analogical Reasoning: Evidence from Analogy Design.

Journal of Intelligence·2026
Same journal

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence-Supported Instruction on Student Learning in STEM: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of Intelligence·2026
Same journal

Reading and Writing Profiles in Twice-Exceptional Adolescents with Intellectual Giftedness and Dyslexia.

Journal of Intelligence·2026
Same journal

Emotional Intelligence, Self-Regulation, and Children's Well-Being in Fourth-Grade Students: Cross-Sectional Associations from Türkiye.

Journal of Intelligence·2026
Same journal

Detecting Demographic Influences on Measures of Spatial Ability with Rasch Tree Analysis.

Journal of Intelligence·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
10:26

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

4.0K

Investigating Planning and Non-Targeted Exploration in PIAAC 2012: Validating Their Measures Based on Process Data

Maoxin Zhang1, Björn Andersson1, Samuel Greiff2

  • 1Centre for Educational Measurement, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.

Journal of Intelligence
|August 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-targeted exploration strongly aids problem-solving, while planning shows a weak negative link. Understanding these cognitive processes is key for educational tools and task design.

Keywords:
PIAAClarge-scale assessmentlog-file datanon-targeted explorationplanningproblem-solving

More Related Videos

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups
14:14

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups

Published on: May 13, 2022

5.9K
Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment
05:19

Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment

Published on: June 1, 2015

13.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
10:26

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

4.0K
The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups
14:14

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups

Published on: May 13, 2022

5.9K
Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment
05:19

Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment

Published on: June 1, 2015

13.7K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Educational Measurement

Background:

  • Problem-solving is a vital intelligence aspect in modern society.
  • Understanding cognitive processes like planning and exploration is crucial for problem-solving success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generalize and examine indicators of planning and non-targeted exploration across tasks.
  • To investigate the relationships between problem-solving competency, planning, and non-targeted exploration.

Main Methods:

  • Generalization of planning and non-targeted exploration indicators across tasks from the 2012 Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies.
  • Confirmatory factor analysis to assess internal construct validity.
  • Analysis of relationships between problem-solving competency and cognitive processes, considering task dependencies.

Main Results:

  • The planning indicator demonstrated internal construct validity across tasks.
  • The non-targeted exploration indicator showed weaker evidence of internal construct validity.
  • Non-targeted exploration was strongly related to problem-solving competency; planning showed a weak negative relationship.
  • Relationships varied significantly across tasks, highlighting the importance of task-specific dependencies.

Conclusions:

  • Findings deepen the understanding of cognitive processes in problem-solving.
  • Results can inform the use of digital tools in education and validate task design by considering task-specific relationships.