Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 18, 2025
07:26
Size Exclusion Chromatography to Analyze Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Heterogeneity
Published on: March 31, 2021
4.5K
Modulation of Autophagy and Cell Death by Bacterial Outer-Membrane Vesicles
Camille Pin1, Laure David1, Eric Oswald1,2
1IRSD, INSERM, ENVT, INRAE, Université de Toulouse, UPS, 105 Av. de Casselardit, 31300 Toulouse, France.
Toxins
|August 25, 2023
Summary
Gram-negative bacteria release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that trigger immune responses and disrupt host cell functions like autophagy. This review explores their role in infections and potential therapeutic applications.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Bacteria release extracellular vesicles, including outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Gram-negative bacteria.
- OMVs are involved in host-pathogen interactions, toxin transport, and immune system activation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the disruptive effects of bacterial OMVs on host cell viability.
- To highlight the impact of OMVs on autophagy and cell death pathways.
- To explore OMV implications in pathogen virulence and potential therapeutic strategies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on bacterial OMVs and host-pathogen interactions.
- Analysis of OMV mechanisms affecting cellular machinery, particularly autophagy.
- Synthesis of information on OMV roles in infection and therapeutic potential.
Main Results:
- Bacterial OMVs can be internalized by host cells and trigger immune responses via lipopolysaccharide (LPS) detection.
- OMVs directly interfere with essential host cell machinery, notably impacting autophagy.
- This interference contributes to pyroptotic cell death and pro-inflammatory cytokine release.
Conclusions:
- Bacterial OMVs play a significant role in modulating host cell viability and immune responses beyond initial inflammasome activation.
- OMVs disrupt autophagy, influencing cell death and contributing to pathogen virulence.
- Understanding these mechanisms offers insights into infection pathogenesis and novel therapeutic development.
Related Concept Videos
01:18Autophagic Cell Death
3.4K
Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
3.4K
01:36Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome
6.6K
Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
6.6K
01:27Autophagy
4.3K
Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
4.3K
01:17Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells
3.9K
Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes.
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
3.9K
01:30Overview of Cell Death
7.4K
Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
7.4K
01:31The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
6.6K
Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
6.6K