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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Joints in Concrete Pavements01:28

Design Example: Joints in Concrete Pavements

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Concrete pavement joints are essential for maintaining the structural integrity and longevity of pavement by controlling where and how the pavement cracks. These joints can be categorized based on their functions, such as contraction or control joints, construction joints, isolation joints, and expansion joints.
Contraction joints are typically formed by sawing a groove into the concrete shortly after it has hardened. This creates a weakened vertical plane, deliberately encouraging cracking at...
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Expansion and Contraction in Masonry Walls01:19

Expansion and Contraction in Masonry Walls

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Masonry walls are subject to slight expansion and contraction due to variations in temperature and moisture. Thermal movement in masonry is relatively straightforward to measure and plan for. On the other hand, moisture movement poses more of a challenge. New clay masonry units typically absorb water and expand over time under normal environmental conditions. Conversely, new concrete masonry units tend to shrink as they lose the excess moisture acquired during their production process.
To...
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Microcracking in Concrete01:20

Microcracking in Concrete

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Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...
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Thermal Stress01:09

Thermal Stress

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If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
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San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
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Types of Non-structural Cracks in Concrete01:28

Types of Non-structural Cracks in Concrete

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Non-structural cracks are primarily of three types: plastic, early-age thermal, and drying shrinkage cracks. Plastic cracks are further classified into plastic shrinkage cracks and plastic settlement cracks.
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Mechanical Expansion of Steel Tubing as a Solution to Leaky Wellbores
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Tunnel lining crack expansion and maintenance strategy optimization considering train loads: A case study.

Dapeng Wang1, Jingchun Wang2, Chengjie Rao1

  • 1School of Civil Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.

Plos One
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Tunnel lining cracks are managed by optimizing inspection and maintenance strategies. Increasing inspections and maintenance enhances service life and economic efficiency, ensuring operational safety within budget constraints.

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Area of Science:

  • Civil Engineering
  • Structural Health Monitoring
  • Risk Management

Background:

  • Concrete tunnel linings inevitably develop cracks during service life, posing risks to operational safety.
  • Train loads significantly influence the performance and crack propagation in tunnel linings.
  • Proactive inspection and maintenance are crucial for ensuring tunnel longevity and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate tunnel lining crack expansion and develop optimal maintenance strategies considering train loads.
  • To analyze the impact of detection probability and maintenance on service life and lifecycle costs.
  • To establish a genetic algorithm-based optimization model for tunnel lining crack management.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of crack expansion under train loads and stress intensity factors.
  • Development of a multi-objective optimization model using genetic algorithms.
  • Lifecycle cost analysis incorporating detection and maintenance expenses.
  • Application of the model to an operational railway tunnel for validation.

Main Results:

  • Stress intensity factor at crack tips correlates with train load waveforms and crack depth.
  • Fatigue service life of cracked linings is positively associated with inspection and maintenance costs.
  • Optimized strategies involving necessary maintenance and increased inspections improve economy and meet service life expectations.

Conclusions:

  • A genetic algorithm-based model effectively optimizes tunnel lining inspection and maintenance strategies.
  • Economic benefits are realized through timely maintenance and increased inspection frequency.
  • Management can utilize Pareto solutions to align strategies with budget and service life requirements.