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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial...
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Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

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Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
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Related Experiment Video

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Chemical reprogramming for cell fate manipulation: Methods, applications, and perspectives.

Jinlin Wang1, Shicheng Sun2, Hongkui Deng3

  • 1MOE Engineering Research Center of Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center and the MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.

Cell Stem Cell
|August 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Chemical reprogramming precisely controls cell fate, generating stem cells for biomedicine. This review covers chemical methods for cell fate manipulation and future opportunities in regenerative medicine.

Keywords:
cell identitycell potencycellular plasticitychemical reprogrammingchemically induced pluripotent stem cellslineage reprogrammingpartial reprogrammingprimary cellsregenerationrejuvenationsmall molecules

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Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans
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Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans
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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Chemical biology
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Somatic cell reprogramming offers a flexible method for generating various cell types.
  • Chemical reprogramming activates regeneration-like programs for stem cell generation.
  • Chemical manipulation captures diverse cell states, from totipotency to somatic fates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress of chemical approaches in cell fate manipulation.
  • To highlight future opportunities in chemical cell reprogramming.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on chemical reprogramming techniques.
  • Analysis of chemical methods for controlling cell fate.
  • Exploration of diverse (stem) cell states achievable through chemical induction.

Main Results:

  • Chemical reprogramming provides a precise and controllable method for cell fate control.
  • Successful chemical reprogramming of human somatic cells has been achieved.
  • Chemical methods enable the capture of multiple cell states in vitro.

Conclusions:

  • Chemical reprogramming is a promising alternative for stem cell production for clinical translation.
  • This field offers significant future opportunities for regenerative medicine and cell-based therapies.