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Related Concept Videos

In Vitro Fertilization01:24

In Vitro Fertilization

327
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
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Meiosis II01:57

Meiosis II

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Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each...
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Fertilization01:38

Fertilization

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During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
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Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Use of low versus high oxygen tension during pre-maturation only in capacitation in vitro maturation (CAPA-IVM): impact on oocyte maturation and metabolism.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Human Egg Maturity Assessment and Its Clinical Application
08:51

Human Egg Maturity Assessment and Its Clinical Application

Published on: August 19, 2019

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Making human eggs in a dish: are we close?

Emily R Frost1, Robert B Gilchrist1

  • 1Fertility & Research Centre, Discipline of Women's Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.

Trends in Biotechnology
|August 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

In vitro gametogenesis (IVG) shows promise for infertility, but achieving safe and complete IVG in women presents significant scientific and technical challenges, requiring further research and development.

Keywords:
artificial reproductive technologiesfolliculogenesisin vitro gametogenesisoocytereproductive longevity

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive medicine and women's health research.

Background:

  • Significant advancements in reproductive medicine over 50 years.
  • Growing interest in extending women's reproductive lifespan.
  • Commercial sector involvement in reproductive health research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of in vitro gametogenesis (IVG) for women with infertility.
  • To reflect on the challenges and complexities of applying IVG in humans.

Main Methods:

  • The abstract does not specify methods, but discusses the concept of in vitro gametogenesis (IVG).

Main Results:

  • In vitro gametogenesis (IVG) in mice is a breakthrough.
  • IVG offers potential hope for women with intractable infertility.

Conclusions:

  • Mastering complete and safe IVG in women is exceptionally challenging.
  • Further research and development are necessary to overcome these difficulties.