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Related Concept Videos

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Types Of Superconductors

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
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Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators
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Design principles for NASICON super-ionic conductors.

Jingyang Wang1,2,3, Tanjin He1,2, Xiaochen Yang1,2

  • 1Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.

Nature Communications
|August 25, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New Na Super Ionic Conductor (NASICON) materials offer high ionic conductivity. Research reveals how composition affects Na-ion conductivity, guiding the design of optimized solid-state electrolytes.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Na Super Ionic Conductor (NASICON) materials are crucial solid-state electrolytes due to their high ionic conductivity and stability.
  • Understanding the relationship between chemical composition and Na-ion conductivity is key for developing advanced energy storage solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate how chemical composition influences Na-ion conductivity in NASICON materials.
  • To identify design criteria for optimizing NASICON solid-state conductors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized first-principles calculations for theoretical analysis.
  • Performed experimental synthesis and electrochemical testing of NASICON materials.
  • Employed natural language-driven text mining of historical data on NASICON ionic conductivity.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a high ionic conductivity of 1.2 mS cm⁻¹ at 25 °C in newly synthesized NASICONs.
  • Found that ionic conductivity increases with average metal size and is enhanced by substituting PO₄ with SiO₄.
  • Optimal ionic conductivity is near a Na content of 3 per formula unit, influenced by other compositional variables.

Conclusions:

  • Na content primarily enhances ionic conductivity by affecting the activation barrier, not carrier concentration.
  • Deconvoluted design criteria provide guidelines for creating optimized NASICON conductors.
  • Successful synthesis and investigation of new NASICON solid-state conductors were achieved.