Oral Health Behaviors for Young Low-Income Urban Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Analysis

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Pediatric Dentistry
• Behavioral Science

Background:

• The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated stay-at-home orders, significantly altering family life.
• Understanding the impact of these disruptions on children's oral health behaviors is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess changes in oral health behaviors among urban families with young children during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• To explore the influence of altered routines and stress on pediatric oral health.

Main Methods:

• Survey data collected pre-pandemic and during stay-at-home orders from 254 parents of young children.
• In-depth interviews conducted with parents (21 families) and key informants (15 interviews).
• Analysis of oral health behaviors, eating patterns, and perceived disruptions.

Main Results:

• Parents reported increased child tooth brushing frequency during the pandemic.
• Family interviews revealed less optimal brushing and nutrition due to changed routines and social presentability concerns.
• Key informants noted significant disruptions to oral health services, heightened family fear, and stress.

Conclusions:

• The COVID-19 pandemic stay-at-home period caused extreme routine changes and stress for families.
• Oral health interventions should target family routines and social presentability, especially during crises.
• Addressing behavioral and environmental factors is key for maintaining pediatric oral health during public health emergencies.