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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for their...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers01:17

Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers

Calcium channel blockers, a class of antiepileptic drugs, regulate the flow of calcium ions within neurons.
Calcium channel blockers exert their antiepileptic effects by targeting T-type calcium channels, which are integral to transmitting nerve signals in the central nervous system. These channels allow the passage of calcium ions, which are vital for neuronal communication. By inhibiting T-type calcium channels, calcium channel blockers effectively reduce the release of neurotransmitters and...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...

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Allopurinol as add-on therapy in refractory epilepsy: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized study.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement
06:58

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement

Published on: June 25, 2016

Allopurinol and severe epilepsy.

P DeMarco, P Zagnoni

    Neurology
    |November 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Allopurinol reduced seizure frequency in epileptic patients. Two-thirds experienced decreased seizures, with 22% seizure freedom after 3-9 months of treatment.

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    Published on: September 27, 2024

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
    • Current antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are effective but may have limitations or side effects.
    • Exploring novel therapeutic adjuncts for refractory epilepsy is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of allopurinol as an add-on therapy in epileptic patients.
    • To assess the impact of allopurinol on seizure frequency in a cohort of drug-resistant epilepsy patients.

    Main Methods:

    • A cohort of 41 epileptic patients (aged 2-54 years) with varying seizure frequencies were enrolled.
    • Patients were already on 2-3 AEDs with therapeutic plasma drug concentrations.
    • Allopurinol was administered at daily doses of 150-300 mg for 20-35 days, followed by 3-9 months of observation.

    Main Results:

    • A progressive decrease in weekly seizure frequency was observed in two-thirds of patients within 20-35 days.
    • After 3-9 months, 22% of patients achieved complete seizure remission.
    • An additional 47% experienced a >50% reduction in seizure frequency.

    Conclusions:

    • Allopurinol demonstrates significant potential as an adjunctive treatment for epilepsy.
    • The add-on therapy with allopurinol led to substantial seizure reduction in a majority of patients.
    • Further research into allopurinol's mechanism in epilepsy and its long-term effects is warranted.