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Hydrogen peroxide (HP) in dental whitening products can diffuse into teeth. Opalescence Boost 40% showed higher HP diffusion than VivaStyle Paint On Plus, especially in molars, potentially reaching cytotoxic levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Dental materials science
  • Biomaterials
  • Endodontics

Background:

  • Hydrogen peroxide (HP) is a common whitening agent in dental products.
  • Its low molecular weight facilitates penetration into dental tissues, raising concerns about potential side effects.
  • Understanding HP diffusion is crucial for assessing pulp safety during in-office whitening procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare the diffusion of hydrogen peroxide (HP) from two in-office whitening products: VivaStyle Paint On Plus (6% HP) and Opalescence Boost (40% HP).
  • To assess the influence of tooth type (anterior, premolar, molar), exposure area, tissue thickness, and pulp chamber volume on HP diffusion.
  • To determine if HP concentrations can reach cytotoxic levels within the pulp chamber.

Main Methods:

  • Two in-office whitening products (VivaStyle Paint On Plus and Opalescence Boost) were applied to human anterior, premolar, and molar teeth (n=18 per group).
  • A positive pulpal pressure model was utilized to simulate physiological conditions.
  • Hydrogen peroxide diffusion was quantified using spectrophotometry, and data were analyzed with statistical tests and linear regression models.

Main Results:

  • Opalescence Boost demonstrated significantly higher HP diffusion compared to VivaStyle Paint On Plus, particularly in premolars and molars.
  • HP diffusion amounts varied by tooth type, with molars showing the highest diffusion for both products.
  • The regression model indicated that Opalescence Boost exposed the pulp chamber to 1.421 µg more HP than VivaStyle Paint On Plus.

Conclusions:

  • Both tested whitening products can lead to cytotoxic HP concentrations in the pulp chamber.
  • Molars present a higher risk for HP-induced pulp cytotoxicity due to increased diffusion.
  • Clinicians should consider the type of whitening product and tooth morphology when assessing pulp safety risks.