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Related Concept Videos

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...

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Very High-Aspect-Ratio Polymeric Micropillars Made by Two-Photon Polymerization.

Keynaz Kamranikia1,2, Sébastien Dominici1,2, Marc Keller1,2

  • 1Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France.

Micromachines
|August 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed high-aspect-ratio (HAR) polymeric micropillars using two-photon polymerization (TPP). Optimized fabrication parameters successfully overcame capillary forces, preventing collapse and achieving HARs up to 80.

Keywords:
capillary forcehigh-aspect-ratio micropillartwo-photon polymerization

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Microfabrication
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • High-aspect-ratio (HAR) polymeric micropillars are crucial for applications like drug delivery and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS).
  • Conventional molding techniques face challenges with demolding complex HAR microstructures.
  • Two-photon polymerization (TPP) is a versatile method for 3D microfabrication but struggles with micropillar collapse due to capillary forces during development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a method for fabricating very high-aspect-ratio (HAR) polymeric micropillars using two-photon polymerization (TPP).
  • To overcome the common issue of micropillar shrinkage and collapse caused by capillary forces during the TPP fabrication process.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two-photon polymerization (TPP) for fabricating polymeric micropillars.
  • Optimized substrate surface modification to enhance adhesion and reduce capillary effects.
  • Adjusted TPP fabrication parameters including laser power, exposure time, and pitch distance between pillars.
  • Investigated the influence of pillar length on structural integrity.

Main Results:

  • Successfully fabricated polymeric micropillars with very high aspect ratios (HAR) up to 80.
  • Demonstrated effective mitigation of capillary forces through optimized fabrication parameters and surface treatments.
  • Achieved stable, non-collapsed micropillar structures previously unattainable with standard TPP methods.

Conclusions:

  • Two-photon polymerization (TPP) can be optimized to produce ultra-high-aspect-ratio (HAR) polymeric micropillars.
  • Careful control over fabrication parameters and surface conditions is essential to overcome capillary-induced collapse.
  • This advancement enables the reliable fabrication of HAR microstructures for advanced applications.