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Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

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The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
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Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

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Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
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Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties
10:16

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

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Non-Conjugated Poly(Diphenylene Phthalide)-New Electroactive Material.

Danfis D Karamov1, Azat F Galiev1, Alexey A Lachinov1

  • 1Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics-Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450075 Ufa, Russia.

Polymers
|August 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that non-conjugated polymers can form quasi-two-dimensional electron gas (Q2DEG) structures with high conductivity and mobility. Ambient humidity significantly impacts these electronic properties, offering new avenues for advanced electronic materials.

Keywords:
charge transportmetal/organic interfacenon-conjugated polymerorganic electronicsorganic/organic interface

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Optical Control of Living Cells Electrical Activity by Conjugated Polymers
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Area of Science:

  • Organic electronics
  • Materials science
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Conjugated polymers dominate organic electronics, while non-conjugated polymers are typically insulators.
  • Non-conjugated polymers offer untapped potential for novel electronic materials with unique properties.
  • Developing conductive materials from non-conjugated polymers is an emerging area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the creation of electrically conductive materials with unique electronic parameters based on non-conjugated polymers.
  • To investigate the sensory properties of humidity for practical applications.
  • To explore the formation of quasi-two-dimensional electron gas (Q2DEG) at polymer interfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of multielectrode devices using spin-coating of polydiphenylenephthalide films.
  • Thermal vacuum deposition of metal electrodes (Al, Cu, Cr).
  • Analysis of current-voltage characteristics and application of the space-charge-limited current technique and Richardson-Schottky model.

Main Results:

  • A quasi-two-dimensional electronic structure (Q2DEG) with high conductivity and charge carrier mobility was observed at the interface of two polymer dielectrics.
  • Decreasing the work function of metal electrodes enhanced conductivity and mobility.
  • Ambient humidity strongly influenced electronic transport, increasing conductivity via enhanced mobility and reduced potential barriers.

Conclusions:

  • Non-conjugated polymers can be engineered into conductive materials exhibiting Q2DEG properties.
  • The interface between functionalized polymer dielectrics is crucial for achieving abnormal electronic properties.
  • Humidity-sensitive electronic transport in these polymer structures opens possibilities for sensor applications.