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Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.

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Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

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Non-Conjugated Poly(Diphenylene Phthalide)-New Electroactive Material.

Danfis D Karamov¹, Azat F Galiev¹, Alexey A Lachinov¹

¹Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics-Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450075 Ufa, Russia.

|August 26, 2023

Summary

This study reveals that non-conjugated polymers can form quasi-two-dimensional electron gas (Q2DEG) structures with high conductivity and mobility. Ambient humidity significantly impacts these electronic properties, offering new avenues for advanced electronic materials.

Keywords:

charge transport metal/organic interface non-conjugated polymer organic electronics organic/organic interface

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Optical Control of Living Cells Electrical Activity by Conjugated Polymers

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Last Updated: Jul 18, 2025

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Optical Control of Living Cells Electrical Activity by Conjugated Polymers

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Published on: January 28, 2016

Area of Science:

Organic electronics
Materials science
Condensed matter physics

Background:

Conjugated polymers dominate organic electronics, while non-conjugated polymers are typically insulators.
Non-conjugated polymers offer untapped potential for novel electronic materials with unique properties.
Developing conductive materials from non-conjugated polymers is an emerging area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate the creation of electrically conductive materials with unique electronic parameters based on non-conjugated polymers.
To investigate the sensory properties of humidity for practical applications.
To explore the formation of quasi-two-dimensional electron gas (Q2DEG) at polymer interfaces.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of multielectrode devices using spin-coating of polydiphenylenephthalide films.
Thermal vacuum deposition of metal electrodes (Al, Cu, Cr).
Analysis of current-voltage characteristics and application of the space-charge-limited current technique and Richardson-Schottky model.

Main Results:

A quasi-two-dimensional electronic structure (Q2DEG) with high conductivity and charge carrier mobility was observed at the interface of two polymer dielectrics.
Decreasing the work function of metal electrodes enhanced conductivity and mobility.
Ambient humidity strongly influenced electronic transport, increasing conductivity via enhanced mobility and reduced potential barriers.

Conclusions:

Non-conjugated polymers can be engineered into conductive materials exhibiting Q2DEG properties.
The interface between functionalized polymer dielectrics is crucial for achieving abnormal electronic properties.
Humidity-sensitive electronic transport in these polymer structures opens possibilities for sensor applications.