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Environmental Stability of Additively Manufactured Thermoplastic Polyamide Composites
Michael J Imburgia1, Jessica L Faust1, Johan Ospina Buitrago1
1Markforged, Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA.
UV and water-spray exposure minimally impacted tensile and flexural strength in additively manufactured carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide 6. Izod impact strength increased, and coatings improved appearance without compromising mechanical properties.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Additive Manufacturing
- Polymer Science
Background:
- Additive manufacturing (AM) enables complex part production for automotive, aerospace, and electrical industries.
- Environmental durability is crucial for qualifying AM parts for end-use applications.
- Polyamide 6 blends reinforced with carbon fibers offer desirable mechanical properties for AM.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effects of UV and water-spray exposure on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured polyamide 6.
- To assess the performance of protective coatings on exposed samples.
- To determine the suitability of these materials for demanding environments.
Main Methods:
- Fused filament fabrication (FFF) was used to produce polyamide 6 test samples reinforced with short and continuous carbon fibers.
- Samples underwent 1000 hours of UV and water-spray exposure per ASTM G155 Cycle 1.
- Tensile, flexural, and Izod impact tests were conducted on exposed and control samples.
- Coated samples (Krylon® Fusion All-In-One®, JetFlex® Polyurethane Primer) were compared to uncoated samples.
Main Results:
- Tensile and flexural strength retention ranged from 84-100% and 88-100% of control values, respectively.
- Izod impact strength significantly increased, ranging from 104-201% of control values.
- Coated samples maintained mechanical properties and showed improved visual appearance compared to uncoated exposed samples.
Conclusions:
- Additively manufactured carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 exhibits good resistance to UV and water-spray exposure.
- Impact strength can be enhanced by such environmental exposure.
- Protective coatings are effective in preserving mechanical integrity and improving aesthetics for exposed AM parts.
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