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Hygromechanical Behavior of Polyamide 6.6: Experiments and Modeling.

Paul Wetzel^1,2, Anna Katharina Sambale², Kai Uhlig²

¹Component Design, Reliability and Validation Polymers, Corporate Sector Research and Advance Engineering, Robert Bosch GmbH, Robert-Bosch-Campus 1, 71272 Renningen, Germany.

|August 26, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Water absorption in polyamide 6.6 causes significant hygroscopic swelling and degrades mechanical properties like stiffness and strength. A coupled model predicts these changes, aiding material design for humid environments.

Keywords:

CME PA66 diffusion moisture-induced swelling plasticization water sorption

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Polymer Engineering
Computational Mechanics

Background:

Polyamide 6.6 (PA66) is a widely used engineering thermoplastic.
Water absorption significantly affects PA66's physical and mechanical properties.
Understanding these effects is crucial for predicting material performance in varying humidity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate water absorption, hygroscopic swelling, and mechanical property changes in PA66.
To develop and validate a sequentially coupled model for predicting moisture-induced effects.
To analyze the influence of injection molding direction on swelling behavior.

Main Methods:

Sorption and swelling experiments on injection-molded PA66 specimens.
Thermal analysis (e.g., DSC) and mechanical tensile testing under different conditioning states.
Development of a nonlinear diffusion model coupled with mechanical simulations incorporating concentration-dependent properties and a 'gap' temperature concept.

Main Results:

Water absorption leads to a decrease in glass transition temperature and a significant reduction in stiffness and strength.
Hygroscopic swelling is anisotropic and dependent on the melt flow direction from injection molding.
The coupled model successfully predicts local moisture concentration, swelling, and stress-strain behavior.

Conclusions:

Water plasticization significantly alters PA66's thermomechanical behavior.
The developed model provides a robust tool for simulating moisture effects in PA66.
Accurate prediction of swelling and mechanical property changes is essential for reliable PA66 applications in humid conditions.