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Sensor-Location-Specific Joint Acquisition of Peripheral Artery Bioimpedance and Photoplethysmogram for Wearable
Margus Metshein1, Anar Abdullayev1, Antoine Gautier2
1Thomas Johann Seebeck Department of Electronics, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia.
Insights
Electrical bioimpedance (EBI) and photoplethysmography (PPG) can monitor peripheral arteries for cardiovascular disease detection. The posterior tibial artery is ideal for combined EBI and PPG signal acquisition in wearable devices.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical instrumentation
- Cardiovascular disease research
- Signal processing
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) cause one-third of global deaths, posing challenges for early detection via biomedical instrumentation.
- Pulsating arterial blood flow offers insights into cardiac parameters, necessitating unobtrusive monitoring techniques.
- Electrical bioimpedance (EBI) and photoplethysmography (PPG) are key for peripheral artery monitoring, requiring innovative approaches.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate peripheral arteries for non-invasive EBI and PPG signal acquisition.
- To identify optimal sites for combined EBI and PPG signal monitoring.
- To assess the suitability of a small-data deep learning model for signal continuity evaluation.
Main Methods:
- Acquired EBI and PPG signals from five peripheral arteries.
- Evaluated acquisition sites using signal morphological parameters.
- Employed a deep learning model for signal continuity assessment, augmenting data by dividing it into cardiac periods.
Main Results:
- The carotid artery showed the highest EBI sensitivity (0.86%).
- Classical 100 kHz frequency was suitable for EBI signal acquisition.
- The posterior tibial artery demonstrated high suitability for combined EBI and PPG signal acquisition (97.87% for PPG continuity).
Conclusions:
- Peripheral arteries are suitable for non-invasive EBI and PPG signal acquisition.
- The posterior tibial artery is a promising candidate for joint EBI and PPG signal acquisition in wearable devices.
- This research supports the development of sensor-fusion-based wearable devices for cardiovascular health monitoring.
Background:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), being the culprit for one-third of deaths globally, constitute a challenge for biomedical instrumentation development, especially for early disease detection. Pulsating arterial blood flow, providing access to cardiac-related parameters, involves the whole body. Unobtrusive and continuous acquisition of electrical bioimpedance (EBI) and photoplethysmography (PPG) constitute important techniques for monitoring the peripheral arteries, requiring novel approaches and clever means.
Methods:
In this work, five peripheral arteries were selected for EBI and PPG signal acquisition. The acquisition sites were evaluated based on the signal morphological parameters. A small-data-based deep learning model, which increases the data by dividing them into cardiac periods, was proposed to evaluate the continuity of the signals.
Results:
The highest sensitivity of EBI was gained for the carotid artery (0.86%), three times higher than that for the next best, the posterior tibial artery (0.27%). The excitation signal parameters affect the measured EBI, confirming the suitability of classical 100 kHz frequency (average probability of 52.35%). The continuity evaluation of the EBI signals confirmed the advantage of the carotid artery (59.4%), while the posterior tibial artery (49.26%) surpasses the radial artery (48.17%). The PPG signal, conversely, commends the location of the posterior tibial artery (97.87%).
Conclusions:
The peripheral arteries are highly suitable for non-invasive EBI and PPG signal acquisition. The posterior tibial artery constitutes a candidate for the joint acquisition of EBI and PPG signals in sensor-fusion-based wearable devices-an important finding of this research.
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