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Distributed Loads: Problem Solving01:21

Distributed Loads: Problem Solving

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Beams are structural elements commonly employed in engineering applications requiring different load-carrying capacities. The first step in analyzing a beam under a distributed load is to simplify the problem by dividing the load into smaller regions, which allows one to consider each region separately and calculate the magnitude of the equivalent resultant load acting on each portion of the beam. The magnitude of the equivalent resultant load for each region can be determined by calculating...
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Distributed Loads01:19

Distributed Loads

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Distributed loads are a common type of load that engineers and scientists encounter in various practical situations. Distributed loads often refer to a type of load spread over a surface or a structure and can be modeled as continuous force per unit area.
For example, consider a bookshelf filled with books stacked vertically adjacent to each other. The weight of the books is evenly distributed over the length of the shelf. As a result, the pressure at different locations on the surface of the...
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Distribution Reliability and Automation01:25

Distribution Reliability and Automation

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Distribution reliability in electrical power systems is critical for ensuring an uninterrupted power supply to consumers at minimal cost. According to IEEE Standard Terms, reliability is the probability that a device will function without failure over a specified time period or amount of usage. For electric power distribution, this translates to maintaining continuous power supply and addressing customer concerns over power outages. Several indices, as defined by IEEE Standard 1366-2012, are...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
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Ampere-Maxwell's Law: Problem-Solving01:17

Ampere-Maxwell's Law: Problem-Solving

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A parallel-plate capacitor with capacitance C, whose plates have area A and separation distance d, is connected to a resistor R and a battery of voltage V. The current starts to flow at t = 0. What is the displacement current between the capacitor plates at time t? From the properties of the capacitor, what is the corresponding real current?
To solve the problem, we can use the equations from the analysis of an RC circuit and Maxwell's version of Ampère's law.
For the first part of...
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Relation Between the Distributed Load and Shear01:23

Relation Between the Distributed Load and Shear

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Understanding the relationship between the distributed load and shear force in structural analysis is crucial for analyzing beams subjected to various loading conditions. Consider the case of a beam experiencing a distributed load, two concentrated loads, and a couple moment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Author Spotlight: Enhancement of Salient Object Detection for Smart Grid Applications
03:31

Author Spotlight: Enhancement of Salient Object Detection for Smart Grid Applications

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Dynamic Adaptation Attack Detection Model for a Distributed Multi-Access Edge Computing Smart City.

Nouf Saeed Alotaibi1, Hassan Ibrahim Ahmed2, Samah Osama M Kamel2

  • 1Computer Science Department, Shaqra University, Dawadmi City 11911, Saudi Arabia.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an intelligent automation detection model (IADM) to secure Internet of Things (IoT) networks in smart cities. The IADM effectively detects and prevents malicious traffic, enhancing smart city security.

Keywords:
AdaBoostBaggingRandom Forest Treesdeep reinforcement learningintelligent process automation (IPA)internet of thingsintrusion detection system (IDS)k-Nearest Neighbormulti-access edge computingsmart city

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Area of Science:

  • Cybersecurity
  • Network Security
  • Internet of Things (IoT)

Background:

  • Internet of Things (IoT) networks are vulnerable to attacks that compromise network integrity and resources.
  • Smart cities rely on IoT for various services, making their security paramount.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an intelligent automation detection model (IADM) for detecting and preventing malicious network traffic in IoT-based smart cities.
  • To enhance security in distributed multi-access edge computing environments within smart cities.

Main Methods:

  • The IADM utilizes a two-phase approach: intelligent process automation (IPA) for initial detection and reinforcement learning for dynamic adaptation.
  • Phase one involves modules for dataset collection, detection, analysis, rule definition, and database management, using classifiers like Random Forest Trees (RFT), k-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN), J48, AdaBoost, and Bagging.
  • Phase two employs reinforcement one-shot learning for adapting to new threats and detecting zero-day attacks.

Main Results:

  • The proposed model achieved high accuracy rates (approx. 98.8%) using RFT, K-NN, and AdaBoost classifiers.
  • Classifiers like AdaBoost and Bagging demonstrated strong performance, with AdaBoost achieving 98.9% accuracy when based on J48.
  • The model exhibited low error rates and high precision, recall, and F1-measure scores, indicating robust detection capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • The IADM effectively detects and prevents malicious activities in IoT networks within smart cities.
  • The auto-adaptive nature of the model, using reinforcement learning, allows for rapid detection of evolving threats and reduces false positives.
  • The IADM improves intrusion detection system (IDS) performance by optimizing memory and time consumption, crucial for resource-constrained IoT devices.