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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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Structure of Vibrio Phage XM1, a Simple Contractile DNA Injection Machine.

Zhiqing Wang1,2, Andrei Fokine1, Xinwu Guo3

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.

Viruses
|August 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacteriophage XM1

Keywords:
Myoviridae tailbaseplatecontractile injection systemcontractile sheathphage infection mechanismvirus assembly

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Area of Science:

  • Structural biology
  • Microbiology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Antibiotic resistance is a major public health threat.
  • Contractile injection systems offer potential antibacterial strategies.
  • Bacteriophage XM1 infects Vibrio bacteria and has a complex structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the atomic structures of Bacteriophage XM1 components.
  • To elucidate the structure and function of the XM1 baseplate and tail.
  • To propose mechanisms for XM1 assembly and infection.

Main Methods:

  • Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) reconstructions.
  • Atomic structure determination of viral proteins.
  • Comparative structural analysis of phage components.

Main Results:

  • Near-atomic resolution structures of 14 XM1 proteins and the complete virion.
  • Detailed architecture of the XM1 baseplate and tail, revealing minimal components.
  • Characterization of tail sheath conformational changes during infection.
  • First in situ structure of the phage neck region.

Conclusions:

  • The XM1 phage utilizes a streamlined, efficient injection system.
  • Structural insights provide a basis for understanding phage infection mechanisms.
  • This study offers a foundation for developing novel antibacterial agents based on phage technology.