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Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

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Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
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Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers01:16

Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers

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In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
Organic nitrates,  such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow....
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators01:23

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Vasodilators, primarily affecting the smooth muscles within arterial and venous walls, are commonly used for hypertension treatment. Medications such as minoxidil and hydralazine primarily target arteries and arterioles, while sodium nitroprusside acts on arterioles and venules. Minoxidil, functioning as a prodrug, is metabolized by hepatic sulfotransferase into its active form, minoxidil sulfate, after oral administration. This metabolite binds to the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) component of...
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Types of Signaling Molecules01:32

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In multicellular organisms, many molecules transmit signals between cells to pass information. These signals vary in complexity and include small peptides, nucleotides, steroids, fatty acid derivatives, and dissolved gases such as nitric oxide. Some signaling molecules diffuse through the plasma membrane to act locally between neighboring cells or travel long distances. Others remain attached to the cell surface, transmitting information to other cells only when they make contact. In some...
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Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

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Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
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Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
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Nitric Oxide: Physiological Functions, Delivery, and Biomedical Applications.

Syed Muntazir Andrabi1, Navatha Shree Sharma1, Anik Karan1

  • 1Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|August 26, 2023
PubMed
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Nitric oxide (NO) is vital for many body functions. This review explores NO generation and delivery via advanced platforms for treating diseases and promoting regeneration.

Keywords:
biomedical applicationsdeliverydonorsnitric oxidephysiological functions

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Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity
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Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Physiology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial signaling molecule regulating physiological processes like vasodilation and neurotransmission.
  • Its gaseous nature and short half-life limit endogenous NO function, creating a need for external delivery.
  • Exogenous NO administration shows promise for cellular functions and treating pathological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review NO generation from NO synthase and NO donors.
  • To discuss NO's roles in biological and pathological processes.
  • To summarize methods for incorporating NO donors into biomaterials for therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of NO generation and biological roles.
  • Summary of NO donor incorporation techniques into biomaterials (physical, chemical, supramolecular).
  • Analysis of NO-releasing platforms for medical applications.

Main Results:

  • NO plays a complex role in both normal physiology and disease states.
  • Various methods exist to generate and deliver NO, including enzymatic and donor-based approaches.
  • NO-releasing biomaterials offer controlled and sustained NO delivery for targeted therapies.

Conclusions:

  • NO-releasing platforms are advancing regenerative medicine and biomedical treatments.
  • Controlled NO delivery via biomaterials holds significant therapeutic potential.
  • Further research into NO-releasing platforms can address diverse medical challenges.