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Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems
Published on: October 31, 2019
Deep eutectic solvents in sample preparation and determination methods of pesticides: Recent advances and future
Cong Hu1, Jianan Feng1, Yiqing Cao1
1Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
Abstract:
This review summarizes recent advances of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in sample preparation and determination methods of pesticides in food, environmental, and biological matrices since 2019. Emphasis is placed on new DES categories and emerging microextraction techniques. The former incorporate hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents, magnetic deep eutectic solvents, and responsive switchable deep eutectic solvents, while the latter mainly include dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, liquid-liquid microextraction based on in-situ formation/decomposition of DESs, single drop microextraction, hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction, and solid-phase microextraction. The principles, applications, advantages, and limitations of these microextraction techniques are presented. Besides, the use of DESs in chromatographic separation, electrochemical biosensors, fluorescent sensors, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy are discussed. This review is expected to provide a valuable reference for extracting and detecting pesticides or other hazardous contaminants in the future.
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