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Related Concept Videos

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
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Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

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Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
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Combined Effects of Drugs: Antagonism01:30

Combined Effects of Drugs: Antagonism

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The combined effects of drugs can result in various interactions, of which an important type is antagonism. Antagonism is a mechanism where one drug inhibits or counteracts the effects of another drug. Antagonism can occur through various means, including receptor binding, allosteric modulation, functional interaction, chemical reactions, and pharmacokinetic processes.
The most common type is receptor antagonism, where one drug acts as an antagonist to block the effects of another drug by...
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Stimulants01:29

Stimulants

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Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
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Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

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Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence
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Illicit drug use and violence.

Daniel StepjanoviĆ1, Wayne Hall1, Janni Leung1

  • 1National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|August 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Illicit drug use, particularly cannabis, is associated with violence, with evidence suggesting a dose-response relationship. However, causality remains unclear due to confounding factors and study limitations.

Keywords:
AggressionAlcoholAmphetaminesCannabisCocaineCrimeOpioidsStimulantsViolence

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Illicit drug use is a significant public health concern with potential links to violence.
  • Understanding the relationship between specific drugs and violent behavior is crucial for prevention and intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Cannabis use shows the most consistent association with violence, though causality is uncertain.
  • Potential biological mechanisms explain some associations, but confounding factors and study heterogeneity persist.
  • Further research is needed to establish causal links and address confounding variables.