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Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Hippocampal Neuronal Cultures to Detect and Study New Pathogenic Antibodies Involved in Autoimmune Encephalitis
Published on: June 2, 2022
Increased neuropil antibody prevalence in COVID-19 patients with acute ischemic stroke
Birgül Baştan1, Ece Erdağ Turgeon2, Elif Şanlı2
1Department of Neurology, Haseki Research and Training Hospital, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Objectives:
COVID-19 infection is associated with an increased risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Although the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown, autoimmunity has been implicated as a potential role player.
Methods:
To investigate the presence and clinical impact of neuronal cell surface antibodies in COVID-19 associated AIS, patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and AIS (n = 30), COVID-19 pneumonia without AIS (n = 32) and AIS without COVID-19 infection (n = 27) were recruited. Serum anti-neuronal antibodies directed against well-characterized and novel cell surface antibodies were evaluated by cell-based assays and indirect immunohistochemistry, respectively.
Results:
None of the recruited patients displayed well-characterized neuronal cell surface antibodies. Ten patients in the COVID-19 pneumonia with AIS group and three patients in the COVID-19 pneumonia without AIS group exhibited antibodies to neuropil of hippocampus and cerebellum. Neuropil-antibody positive patients showed trends towards milder clinical severity and reduced blood levels of inflammation factors.
Conclusion:
Our results confirm the presence of neuropil antibodies in patients with COVID-19 infection and identify a putative antibody-driven association between AIS and COVID-19. The antigenic targets and potential pathogenic action of these antibodies need to be further explored.
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