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Amoxicillin-induced aseptic meningitis: clinical features, diagnosis and management

Zhiqiang Fan1,2, Yang He1,2, Wei Sun3

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China.

European Journal of Medical Research
|August 27, 2023
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Aseptic meningitis can be induced by amoxicillin, presenting with fever and headache. Prompt discontinuation of amoxicillin leads to symptom resolution, highlighting the importance of medication history in meningitis diagnosis.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Aseptic meningitis is a serious condition that can be caused by various factors.
  • The clinical presentation of amoxicillin-induced aseptic meningitis (AIAM) remains poorly understood.
  • Accurate diagnosis and treatment of AIAM are crucial for patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical characteristics of amoxicillin-induced aseptic meningitis (AIAM).
  • To provide a clinical reference for the diagnosis and treatment of AIAM.
  • To raise awareness of AIAM as a potential adverse drug reaction.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of AIAM-related studies.
  • Data collection from inception to October 31, 2022.
  • Analysis of clinical features, cerebrospinal fluid findings, and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • AIAM typically occurred 3 hours to 7 days post-amoxicillin administration.
  • Common symptoms included fever (86.4%) and headache (81.8%).
  • Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed leukocytosis with lymphocytic predominance, elevated protein, normal glucose, and negative cultures.
  • Symptoms resolved within 1-4 days after amoxicillin discontinuation in all cases.

Conclusions:

  • AIAM is a distinct clinical entity that warrants attention.
  • Investigating medication history is essential for diagnosing suspected meningitis cases.
  • Early recognition and discontinuation of amoxicillin can prevent unnecessary interventions.
Keywords:
AmoxicillinAmoxicillin-clavulanateAseptic meningitisDrug-induced aseptic meningitisPharmacovigilance

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