Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 18, 2025
07:25
Author Spotlight: A Focus on Standardized Salivary Gland Ultrasound Protocol in Connective Tissue Disease Research
Published on: October 13, 2023
2.4K
The 2023 ACR/EULAR Antiphospholipid Syndrome Classification Criteria.
Medha Barbhaiya1, Stephane Zuily2, Ray Naden3
1Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Diseases, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
Arthritis & Rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)
|August 28, 2023
Summary
New antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) classification criteria offer high specificity for research. Developed by ACR/EULAR, these criteria improve APS diagnosis in observational studies and trials.
Area of Science:
- Rheumatology
- Immunology
- Clinical Criteria Development
Background:
- Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) requires precise classification criteria for research.
- Existing criteria may lack specificity for observational studies and clinical trials.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate new, highly specific classification criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).
- To support the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and EULAR in establishing updated APS diagnostic standards.
Main Methods:
- An international, multidisciplinary initiative involving surveys, literature reviews, and modified Delphi techniques.
- Criteria refinement through patient scenarios, consensus-based decision analysis, and validation using independent adjudicators.
- Four-phase development process including generation, reduction, definition, and validation of criteria.
Main Results:
- The 2023 ACR/EULAR APS criteria incorporate weighted clinical and laboratory domains.
- A minimum score of 3 points from both clinical and laboratory domains is required for APS classification.
- The new criteria demonstrated 99% specificity and 84% sensitivity in validation, outperforming the 2006 Sapporo criteria.
Conclusions:
- Rigorous, internationally validated criteria for APS have been established.
- The new criteria offer enhanced specificity, crucial for reliable APS research and trials.
- These criteria represent a significant advancement in understanding and classifying antiphospholipid syndrome.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies
10
Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
10
01:19Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations
20
The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
20
01:21Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation
17
Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
17
01:30Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction
9
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs but also impacts other areas, such as the arms, thereby impairing overall circulation and organ function.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty deposits inside the arterial...
9
01:22Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
38
The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
38
01:30Atherosclerosis I: Introduction
10
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
10