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Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery
Published on: November 28, 2018
Xiaodan Zhao1, Pankaj Garg2,3, Hosamadin Assadi2,3
1National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, 169609 Singapore, Singapore.
Aortic blood flow eccentricity, measured by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), increases with age and decreases exercise capacity in healthy adults. These flow changes can help identify individuals at higher risk for reduced physical fitness.
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