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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Updated: Jul 18, 2025

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Collective behavior and self-organization in neural rosette morphogenesis.

Mattia Miotto1,2, Maria Rosito1,3, Matteo Paoluzzi4

  • 1Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|August 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neural rosettes, mimicking early human brain development, form through complex self-organization. Understanding this process requires integrating cell differentiation with tissue mechanics for insights into developmental diseases.

Keywords:
collective behavior and dynamicscomplex systemmorphogenesismulti-agent systemneural rosettesneural tubephase transitions

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Neural rosettes self-organize from human pluripotent stem cells, modeling early central nervous system development.
  • Errors in neural tube formation lead to severe congenital diseases like spina bifida and anencephaly.
  • The fundamental mechanisms driving neural tube self-organization remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore theoretical frameworks explaining self-organization in morphogenesis.
  • To analyze the limitations of existing models in describing neural rosette formation.
  • To highlight neural rosette development as a key 2D in vitro model for studying complex self-organization.

Main Methods:

  • Review and discussion of theoretical frameworks for morphogenesis.
  • Analysis of stem cell differentiation and patterning models.
  • Conceptual integration of cellular and tissue-level processes.

Main Results:

  • Explanations solely based on stem cell differentiation fail to account for spatial organization.
  • Patterning models alone cannot explain collective cell migration and mechanical transformations.
  • Neural rosette development integrates cell differentiation and tissue development.

Conclusions:

  • Neural rosette development is a crucial multi-scale self-organization model.
  • A comprehensive understanding requires investigating the interplay of growth, migration, cytoarchitecture, and cell evolution.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the intricate mechanisms governing rosette formation.