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Preterm birth and detection of common respiratory pathogens among pediatric pneumonia

Xin-Rui Wang1,2, Juan Du1,2, Shan-Shan Zhang1,2

  • 1Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China.

Iscience
|August 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Pneumonia in preterm infants is linked to more severe outcomes and specific bacterial infections like E. coli. Early-preterm birth poses a higher risk for severe pneumonia compared to late-preterm birth.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Neonatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Pneumonia in infancy can lead to long-term health issues.
  • Preterm birth is a known risk factor for various neonatal complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical sequelae of pneumonia in preterm infants.
  • To compare pathogen detection rates and severity of pneumonia between preterm and full-term children.
  • To identify specific risks associated with early- versus late-preterm birth.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 8,206 children diagnosed with pneumonia between 2009-2021.
  • Detection and comparison of 20 respiratory pathogens.
  • Stratification of preterm infants into early-preterm (246) and late-preterm (533) groups.

Main Results:

  • Viral pathogen detection rates were similar between preterm and full-term groups.
  • Higher positive rates for *Escherichia coli* and *Klebsiella pneumoniae* in preterm infants.
  • Severe pneumonia occurred more frequently in preterm infants (16.52% overall), with the highest rates in the early-preterm subgroup.

Conclusions:

  • Preterm birth influences bacterial pathogen detection in pediatric pneumonia.
  • Preterm birth is an independent risk factor for developing severe pneumonia.
  • Early-preterm birth is associated with a significantly higher risk of severe pneumonia compared to late-preterm birth.

Keywords:
MicrobiologyPediatricsPregnancy

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