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Measurements of Motor Function and Other Clinical Outcome Parameters in Ambulant Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

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Hypermobility spectrum disorders: A review.

Matthew B Carroll¹

¹Rheumatology, Singing River Health System, 3603 Bienville Blvd, Ocean Springs, MS 39564, USA.

Rheumatology and Immunology Research

|August 28, 2023

Summary

Joint hypermobility (JH) pain is now classified under hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSDs), updating previous terminology. Diagnosis involves JH with secondary musculoskeletal issues, excluding hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS).

Keywords:

benign joint hypermobility syndrome generalized joint hypermobility hyper-mobility spectrum disorder hypermobility Ehlers-Danlos syndrome joint hypermobility joint hypermobility syndrome

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Area of Science:

Rheumatology
Genetics
Pain Management

Background:

Joint hypermobility (JH) diagnosis and management have evolved.
Previous terms like benign joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) are updated.
Genetic advances led to revised Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) classifications.

Purpose of the Study:

Explain the nomenclature update from JHS to hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSDs).
Detail musculoskeletal and extra-articular manifestations of HSD subtypes.
Provide guidance on diagnosing and treating HSDs.

Main Methods:

Literature review on joint hypermobility and related disorders.
Analysis of updated diagnostic criteria for HSDs.
Synthesis of current treatment strategies for HSDs.

Main Results:

Hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSDs) encompass JH with secondary musculoskeletal issues, excluding hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS).
Extra-articular manifestations are frequent in HSD subtypes.
Multidisciplinary management, lifestyle changes, physical therapy, and pharmacologic interventions are key.

Conclusions:

The updated nomenclature clarifies the diagnosis of JH-related conditions.
Understanding HSD manifestations guides clinical practice.
A comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach optimizes HSD management.