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A Case of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Coinciding With COVID-19

Mohammed A Jeraiby1

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU.

Cureus
|August 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

This case study highlights an unusual COVID-19 patient with severe lymphocytosis, leading to an accidental diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This finding contrasts with typical COVID-19 lymphopenia.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Comorbidities like leukemia increase COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.
  • COVID-19 severity is typically associated with lymphopenia.
  • Established chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cases are documented with COVID-19.

Observation:

  • A COVID-19 patient presented with marked absolute lymphocytosis, a rare finding.
  • The patient's lymphocytosis escalated five-fold during hospitalization.
  • Flow cytometry confirmed CLL with specific cell surface markers (CD19+, CD5+, CD20+ dim, lambda light chain).

Findings:

  • This report details the second case of CLL diagnosis incidentally discovered during COVID-19 work-up.
  • The patient's lymphocytosis was a key indicator for the unexpected CLL diagnosis.
  • The case contrasts with the usual lymphopenic profile observed in COVID-19.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of thorough hematological evaluation in COVID-19 patients, even with atypical presentations.
  • It suggests that COVID-19 infection might unmask or be coincident with underlying hematological malignancies like CLL.
  • Further research is needed to understand the interplay between COVID-19 and lymphoproliferative disorders.

Keywords:
blood morphologycovid-19leukemialymphocytosislymphocytosis chronic lymphocytic leukemia

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