Highly Efficient Photosensitizers with Molecular Vibrational Torsion for Cancer Photodynamic Therapy

The development of highly effective photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy remains a great challenge at present. Most PSs rely on the heavy-atom effect or the spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) effect to promote ISC, which brings about additional cytotoxicity, and the latter is susceptible to the interference of solvent environment. Herein, an immanent universal property named photoinduced molecular vibrational torsion (PVT)-enhanced spin-orbit coupling (PVT-SOC) in PSs has been first revealed. PVT is verified to be a widespread intrinsic property of quinoid cyanine (QCy) dyes that occurs on an extremely short time scale (10^-10 s) and can be captured by transient spectra. The PVT property can provide reinforced SOC as the occurrence of ISC predicted by the El Sayed rules (¹ππ*-³nπ*), which ensures efficient photosensitization ability for QCy dyes. Hence, QTCy7-Ac exhibited the highest singlet oxygen yield (13-fold higher than that of TCy7) and lossless fluorescence quantum yield (Φ_F) under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. The preeminent photochemical properties accompanied by high biosecurity enable it to effectively perform photoablation in solid tumors. The revelation of this property supplies a new route for constructing high-performance PSs for achieving enhanced cancer phototherapy.