Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

477
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
477
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

1.6K
Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
1.6K
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

560
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
560
Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

1.4K
The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and...
1.4K
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

619
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
619
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:11

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

790
Direct-acting cholinergic agonists have many therapeutic uses in various medical fields. Choline esters, including acetylcholine, have limited clinical utility due to their non-selectivity and short duration of action. Still, acetylcholine and carbachol are applied topically during ophthalmologic surgery to induce miosis. Pilocarpine, a muscarinic and ganglionic stimulator, effectively treats open-angle glaucoma and alleviates xerostomia and dry mouth caused by radiotherapy or Sjögren...
790

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Rigidity in Parkinson's disease.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Underlying Tremor Improvement with Consistent Use of Transcutaneous Afferent Patterned Stimulation in Patients with Essential Tremor.

Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

An updated definition of freezing of gait.

Nature reviews. Neurology·2026
Same author

Development of a Patient-Centered Outcome Tool for Blepharospasm: A Stepwise Modified Delphi Study.

Toxins·2025
Same author

Waveform-Based Analysis of Head Tremor Using a Marker-Less Tracking Algorithm with 2D-Video: Evaluation of Sinusoidality and Rhythmicity.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2025
Same author

Reply to: "Toward Refining and Unifying the Evaluation of Temporal Dimensions in Dystonia and Other Movement Disorders".

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2025
Same journal

Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation in Dystonia: Investigating Differential Response by Dystonia Distribution.

Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Essential Tremor and Digital Biomarkers: A Scoping Review Using the TRACE Framework to Map Readiness for Clinical Trials and Routine Practice.

Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Effects of Focal Low-Energy Extracorporeal Shock Wave Treatment (ESWT) as an Add-On to Botulinum Toxin (BoNT) Injection on Pisa Syndrome in Parkinson's Disease.

Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Longitudinal Intention Tremor Trajectories in Essential Tremor: A Comment.

Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Immediate and Short-Term Effects of Multimodal Neuromodulatory Rehabilitation Following Thalamotomy for Writer's Cramp: A Case Report.

Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Magnetic Resonance Image Guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Essential Tremor in a Patient with an Arteriovenous Malformation.

Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking
07:26

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking

Published on: September 26, 2019

7.9K

Eye-Closure Rate Modulation in Blepharospasm.

Panagiotis Kassavetis1,2, Ejaz A Shamim2,3, Kranz Gottfried4

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.

Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements (New York, N.Y.)
|August 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with blepharospasm (BSP) exhibit increased eye closure rates during daily activities. Those with a family history of BSP may also show elevated eye closure, particularly at rest.

Keywords:
Blepharospasmdystoniaeye-closurerelatives

More Related Videos

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
10:10

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

Published on: February 15, 2022

1.5K
Recording Horizontal Saccade Performances Accurately in Neurological Patients Using Electro-oculogram
06:12

Recording Horizontal Saccade Performances Accurately in Neurological Patients Using Electro-oculogram

Published on: March 13, 2018

10.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking
07:26

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking

Published on: September 26, 2019

7.9K
Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
10:10

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

Published on: February 15, 2022

1.5K
Recording Horizontal Saccade Performances Accurately in Neurological Patients Using Electro-oculogram
06:12

Recording Horizontal Saccade Performances Accurately in Neurological Patients Using Electro-oculogram

Published on: March 13, 2018

10.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Blepharospasm (BSP) is a focal dystonia with potential familial links.
  • Understanding familial predisposition is crucial for BSP research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify eye closure rates in individuals with BSP.
  • To compare eye closure rates in asymptomatic individuals with and without a family history of BSP.
  • To assess eye closure during daily activities.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 37 BSP patients, 10 relatives of BSP patients, and 25 healthy volunteers.
  • Video recorded participants performing daily activities.
  • Quantified eye closure frequency per minute for each task and group.

Main Results:

  • BSP patients showed significantly increased eye closure during rest and watching television compared to healthy controls.
  • Individuals with a family history of BSP had similar eye closure rates to BSP patients for most tasks.
  • No significant difference in eye closure rates was observed between relatives and healthy controls for all tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Eye closure rates vary significantly across daily activities in all studied groups.
  • Individuals with a first-degree relative with BSP demonstrate a tendency towards increased eye closure at rest.
  • Familial factors may influence eye closure patterns in blepharospasm.