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Laminins are heterotrimeric proteins with high molecular mass found in the extracellular matrix. Each laminin molecule is composed of three chains, viz. alpha, beta, and gamma, coded by five, four, and three paralogous genes, respectively. Laminins are categories based on the compositions of the three chains.
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Type IV collagen is a 400 nm long, network-forming collagen that acts as a barrier between the epithelial and endothelial cells. Type IV collagen  forms the backbone of the basement membrane by scaffolding with laminin, entactin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin. Apart from rendering structural support to the basement membrane, it also helps entail signaling potentials necessary for both pathological and physiological functions.
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The basal lamina is a thin extracellular layer that lies underneath the cells and separates them from other tissues. The three layers of the basal lamina are lamina lucida, lamina densa and lamina reticularis. The basal lamina, a mixture of glycoproteins and collagen, provides an attachment site for the epithelium, separating it from underlying connective tissue. The framework of basal lamina has other essential proteins such as laminins mesh, perlecan, entactin, and type IV collagen.
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Related Experiment Video

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Generating a Fractal Microstructure of Laminin-111 to Signal to Cells
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Autoimmunity against laminin 332.

Sabrina Patzelt1, Enno Schmidt1,2

  • 1Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

Frontiers in Immunology
|August 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Autoimmunity against laminin 332 is linked to mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), an autoimmune blistering disease. This review details anti-laminin 332 MMP, its clinical aspects, and associated malignancies.

Keywords:
BP180autoimmunitydiagnosisguidelinesimmunofluorescencelaminin 332malignancytype VII collagen

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Area of Science:

  • Immunodermatology
  • Autoimmune Blistering Diseases
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Laminin 332 is a critical structural protein in the skin's basal membrane zone (BMZ).
  • Mutations in laminin 332 genes cause junctional epidermolysis bullosa.
  • Autoimmunity against laminin 332 occurs in mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) and orf-induced pemphigoid.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review anti-laminin 332 mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP).
  • To describe clinical features, pathophysiology, and diagnostic methods for anti-laminin 332 IgG.
  • To detail the association between anti-laminin 332 MMP and malignancies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on anti-laminin 332 MMP.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and serological findings.
  • Examination of data linking MMP to underlying malignancies.

Main Results:

  • Laminin 332 is a key autoantigen in 10-20% of MMP patients.
  • Anti-laminin 332 MMP is associated with malignancies in approximately 25% of cases.
  • Guidelines recommend testing for anti-laminin 332 in all MMP patients.

Conclusions:

  • Anti-laminin 332 MMP requires comprehensive evaluation for associated cancers.
  • Understanding the biology of laminin 332 is crucial for diagnosing and managing this autoimmune condition.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms linking anti-laminin 332 autoimmunity and cancer.