IRF7: role and regulation in immunity and autoimmunity

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Molecular Biology
• Virology

Background:

• Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) was initially identified as a master transcriptional factor crucial for producing Interferon-I (IFN-I) and orchestrating innate immune responses.
• Emerging research highlights IRF7's diverse roles extending beyond its canonical function, impacting various biological processes.
• Understanding IRF7's complex functions is vital for comprehending immune system regulation and dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of the current knowledge regarding the role of IRF7 in immunity and autoimmunity.
• To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of IRF7 in IFN-I production, encompassing signaling, transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications.
• To explore IRF7's involvement in IFN-III production, COVID-19 pathogenesis, and its implications in autoimmune conditions.

Main Methods:

• Literature review synthesizing current research on IRF7.
• Analysis of signaling pathways, transcriptional, translational, and post-translational regulatory mechanisms of IRF7.
• Examination of IRF7's role in viral immunity, IFN-III, COVID-19, and autoimmunity.

Main Results:

• IRF7 plays a central role in regulating IFN-I production through intricate signaling pathways and multiple levels of control.
• IRF7's functions extend to IFN-III production and are implicated in the context of COVID-19.
• IRF7 is significantly involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, indicating a dual role in immune homeostasis and disease.

Conclusions:

• IRF7 is a versatile regulator with critical functions in both antiviral immunity and the development of autoimmunity.
• Further research into IRF7's multifaceted roles will deepen our understanding of immune responses and autoimmune diseases.
• Targeting IRF7 pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for infectious and autoimmune disorders.