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Automated Multimodal Stimulation and Simultaneous Neuronal Recording from Multiple Small Organisms
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Closing the loop and raising the bar: Automated control systems in neuromodulation
Po-Yi Paul Su1, Jeffrey Arle, Lawrence Poree1
1Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Pain Practice : the Official Journal of World Institute of Pain
|August 28, 2023
Summary
Autonomous neuromodulation systems, including spinal cord stimulation (SCS), offer advanced therapies for neurological conditions. This review examines FDA-approved automated devices, aiding clinicians in selecting optimal patient treatments.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Neuromodulation is a key therapy for chronic pain and neurological disorders.
- Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) uses electrical impulses to modulate pain signals.
- Automation systems are increasingly vital for enhancing SCS efficacy and safety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review FDA-approved autonomous neuromodulation devices.
- To analyze closed-loop, feedforward, and feedback systems in neuromodulation.
- To highlight the role of automation in SCS.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of autonomous neuromodulation devices.
- Focus on Food and Drug Administration-approved systems.
- Discussion of closed-loop, feedforward, and feedback control strategies.
Main Results:
- Summary of current autonomous neuromodulation technologies.
- Analysis of advantages and disadvantages of different automated systems.
- Specific focus on the application of these systems in SCS.
Conclusions:
- Clinicians need to understand automated neuromodulation for patient care.
- Automation is expanding the therapeutic landscape for neurological conditions.
- Future research directions in neuromodulation automation are outlined.
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