Aqueous Organic Hydrogen Gas Proton Batteries with Ultrahigh-Rate and Ultralow-Temperature Performance

Aqueous proton batteries (APBs) have emerged as one of the most promising batteries for large-scale energy storage technology. However, they usually show an undesirable electrochemical performance. Herein, we demonstrate a novel aqueous catalytic hydrogen gas powered organic proton (HOP) battery, which is driven by hydrogen evolution/oxidation redox reactions via commercial nanocatalysts on the anode and coordination/decoordination reactions of C═O with H⁺ on the cathode. The HOP battery shows an excellent rate capacity of 190.1 mAh g^-1 at 1 A g^-1 and 71.4 mAh g^-1 at 100 A g^-1. It also delivers a capacity of 96.6 mAh g^-1 after 100000 cycles and operates at temperatures down to -70 °C. Moreover, the HOP battery is fabricated in a large-scale pouch cell with an extended capacity, exhibiting its potential for practical energy storage applications. This work provides new insights into the building of sustainable APBs, which will broaden the horizons of high-performance aqueous batteries.