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Related Concept Videos

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

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Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
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Nondisjunction01:21

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Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold...
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Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

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Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Oogenesis

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Meiosis I03:09

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Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
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Detection of Copy Number Alterations Using Single Cell Sequencing
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Copy number variation as a tool for implementing pregnancy as an aging model.

Mariana Andrawus1, Lital Sharvit1, Noga Touitou2

  • 1Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel.

Aging
|August 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Copy number variations (CNVs) show trends during pregnancy in mice, mirroring aging processes. These genetic changes and associated gene expression shifts suggest pregnancy is a valuable model for studying aging mechanisms and potential rejuvenation.

Keywords:
agingcopy number variationgene expressionpregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Copy number variations (CNVs) contribute to genome variability and are linked to aging and pregnancy.
  • Pregnancy shares physiological similarities with aging, suggesting potential as an aging model.
  • Understanding CNV dynamics during pregnancy may reveal insights into aging and rejuvenation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate copy number variations (CNVs) during mouse pregnancy as a model for aging.
  • To identify specific CNVs and nearby gene expression changes associated with pregnancy and aging.
  • To explore the potential of pregnancy as a model for understanding aging mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Candidate CNVs identified through human centenarian case-control studies were analyzed in mice.
  • Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assessed CNV copy variation in pregnant mouse liver and blood.
  • Differential gene expression analysis was performed on genes near candidate CNVs.

Main Results:

  • Eight out of ten selected CNVs showed significant directional changes throughout pregnancy in mouse liver and blood.
  • These CNV trends reversed post-partum, indicating dynamic changes related to pregnancy.
  • Significant differential expression was observed in genes near CNVs (e.g., APA2A, LSS), but not WSCD2.

Conclusions:

  • Pregnancy in mice exhibits CNV patterns and gene expression changes that parallel aging processes.
  • These findings establish a genetic link between longevity and pregnancy, supporting its use as an aging model.
  • Investigating post-partum rejuvenation mechanisms could offer new paradigms for aging treatment.