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In Vitro Fertilization01:24

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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
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Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each...
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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Manipulation and In Vitro Maturation of Xenopus laevis Oocytes, Followed by Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, to Study Embryonic Development
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A fresh start for IVM: capacitating the oocyte for development using pre-IVM.

Robert B Gilchrist1, Tuong M Ho2, Michel De Vos3,4

  • 1Fertility & Research Centre, Discipline of Women's Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia.

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|August 28, 2023
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Summary

Recent advances in in vitro maturation (IVM) include biphasic approaches, utilizing pre-IVM culture for immature oocytes. This novel technique shows promise for improving ART outcomes, especially for patients with PCOS.

Keywords:
IVMbiphasic IVMcapacitation IVMminimal stimulationoocyte developmental competencepre-maturation

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology and assisted reproductive technologies (ART).
  • Oocyte biology, maturation, and developmental competence.
  • Follicular development and ovarian stimulation protocols.

Background:

  • In vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes has not achieved widespread clinical adoption globally.
  • Recent breakthroughs in animal oocyte biology have spurred novel IVM approaches.
  • Biphasic IVM, involving a pre-IVM step, is a significant recent advancement.

Approach:

  • Collect immature oocytes from small antral follicles without hCG priming.
  • Perform a pre-IVM culture (∼24 hours) in an advanced system to enhance oocyte development.
  • Follow with standard in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures.

Key Points:

  • Pre-IVM aims to improve developmental competence of oocytes from minimally stimulated cycles.
  • Pre-IVM induces cellular changes in cumulus cells to support oocyte needs.
  • Capacitation-IVM (CAPA-IVM), a pre-IVM method, has shown preclinical safety and efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Biphasic IVM, exemplified by CAPA-IVM, offers a low-intervention, patient-friendly ART alternative.
  • Clinical results with CAPA-IVM demonstrate live birth rates comparable to conventional IVF.
  • This approach holds potential for PCOS patients, fertility preservation, and social oocyte freezing.