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Longitudinal risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review
Yaoyao Qian1, Shyamali C Dharmage1, Garun S Hamilton2
1Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie St, Carlton, Victoria, 3053, Australia.
Sleep Medicine Reviews
|August 28, 2023
Summary
Weight gain is a significant risk factor for developing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Even a 10% increase in weight, particularly in males, may indicate potential or worsening OSA, warranting clinical attention.
Area of Science:
- Sleep Medicine
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) poses a substantial health burden.
- Existing risk factor evidence for OSA is mainly from cross-sectional studies, lacking temporality.
- Longitudinal data on OSA risk factors in the general adult population is limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review longitudinal risk factors for sleep study-assessed OSA.
- To identify risk factors for questionnaire-assessed probable OSA from cohort studies.
- To synthesize evidence on temporal associations between risk factors and OSA development.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of Embase and Medline databases.
- Inclusion of eleven cohort studies in the general adult population.
- Qualitative synthesis due to methodological heterogeneity; meta-analysis was not performed.
Main Results:
- Consistent evidence links weight gain to incident and increased severity of OSA.
- Associations found for higher BMI, male sex, asthma, a specific genetic polymorphism (rs12415421), and insulin resistance with incident OSA.
- Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution (NO2) and menopausal transitions were also associated with OSA or its severity.
Conclusions:
- A weight increase of approximately 10%, especially in males, may signal potential or worsening OSA.
- Further large, well-designed longitudinal studies are necessary.
- Focus on modifiable risk factors for OSA development is recommended.
Keywords:
CohortGeneral populationLongitudinal studiesObstructive sleep apneaRisk factorsSystematic reviewMore Related Videos
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