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Related Concept Videos

Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Sutures of the Skull01:22

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
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Gamma Knife, its optimal use - a Letter.

British journal of neurosurgery·2026
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Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances
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Cranial surgery and the pericranium.

Jeremy C Ganz1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences
|August 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The pericranium, a cranial membrane, historically required significant surgical attention but is now largely overlooked. Modern neurosurgical techniques have reduced the need for its meticulous management.

Keywords:
Cranial suturespericranial separationpericranium

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Surgical History
  • Cranial Anatomy

Background:

  • The pericranium, a membrane covering the skull, has a complex historical relationship with neurosurgical practices.
  • Ancient and 18th-century surgical approaches involved specific considerations for the pericranium, including its management during fracture assessment and trepanation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical significance and evolving surgical management of the pericranium.
  • To contrast past perceptions and interventions with contemporary neurosurgical practices regarding this membrane.

Main Methods:

  • Historical literature review focusing on surgical texts and anatomical descriptions.
  • Analysis of changing surgical techniques and their impact on pericranial management.

Main Results:

  • Historically, the pericranium was considered vital, with specific protocols for its handling during procedures like fracture evaluation and trepanation.
  • An 18th-century theory linking pericranial separation to intracranial suppuration was later disproven.
  • The advent of osteoplastic bone flaps necessitated precise pericranial closure, a requirement diminished with modern free bone flaps.

Conclusions:

  • The pericranium's perceived importance in neurosurgery has significantly decreased over two millennia.
  • Contemporary neurosurgery requires minimal attention to the pericranium, a shift from historical practices.