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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Bioavailability: First-Pass Elimination01:23

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When a drug is taken orally, it undergoes a journey starting from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, passing through the portal vein, reaching the liver, and finally entering the systemic circulation. This process involves the absorption of the drug across the GI tract. The liver is the primary site for metabolizing the drug, with some metabolism also occurring in the gut wall. This journey significantly reduces the quantity of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation, a phenomenon known as...
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Bioavailability: Overview01:13

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Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an unaltered drug that, after administration, enters the systemic circulation and can be distributed to the desired action site. Factors such as gastrointestinal (GI) absorption and liver biotransformation influence the bioavailability of a drug when it is administered orally. When a drug is administered intravenously, it enters the systemic circulation directly; by definition, its bioavailability is assumed to be 100%. The bioavailability of an...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution01:27

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The pharmacokinetic journey of drugs from solid oral dosage forms into systemic circulation is multifaceted. It begins with disintegration, a prerequisite ensuring a solid dosage form's subdivision into minute particles. Dissolution occurs next as these granulated entities solubilize in gastrointestinal fluids. This solubilization is crucial for the succeeding stage, permeation, which describes the traversal of the drug across the intestinal membrane and its subsequent entry into the blood...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters01:22

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The physicochemical characteristics of drugs play a crucial role in formulating stable and bioavailable drug products. The solubility of a drug, governed by the varying pH along the GI tract and its dissociation constant (pKa), is pivotal in determining its ionization state and absorption rate. Notably, weak acids and bases remain unionized and are absorbed more rapidly.
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH01:21

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Drug absorption within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex process influenced by several critical factors, including the site pH, the drug's dissociation constant (pKa), and the drug's lipophilicity. The GI tract exhibits a pH gradient, with an acidic environment in the stomach and a more alkaline environment in the small intestine. This pH variation directly affects the ionization state of drugs.
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Fucoxanthin, a Functional Food Ingredient: Challenges in Bioavailability.

Vanessa Fernandes1, Bangera Sheshappa Mamatha2

  • 1Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Department of Food Safety and Nutrition, Paneer Campus, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575 018, Karnataka, India.

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Summary

Encapsulating fucoxanthin, a seaweed carotenoid, improves its stability and bioavailability. This strategy enhances the absorption of fucoxanthin for potential health applications.

Keywords:
BioaccessibilityBioactivityBioavailabilityFucoxanthinMicro-encapsulationNano-encapsulation

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Marine Biotechnology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Fucoxanthin, a xanthophyll carotenoid from brown seaweeds, exhibits significant bioactivity.
  • Potential health applications include anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity effects.
  • Poor bioavailability and gastrointestinal instability limit fucoxanthin's therapeutic use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the challenges in fucoxanthin absorption.
  • To explore the role of micro- and nano-encapsulation in enhancing fucoxanthin bioavailability.
  • To highlight encapsulation as a strategy to overcome fucoxanthin's limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on fucoxanthin bioavailability and encapsulation.
  • Analysis of lipid-based encapsulation systems (liposomes, nano-structured lipid carriers).
  • Evaluation of studies demonstrating enhanced fucoxanthin solubility and absorption.

Main Results:

  • Encapsulation significantly improves fucoxanthin solubility and bioavailability, with reported increases from 25% to 61.2%.
  • Lipid-based systems effectively protect fucoxanthin from degradation in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Micro- and nano-encapsulation are key strategies for enhancing intestinal absorption.

Conclusions:

  • Encapsulation is a viable approach to overcome fucoxanthin's poor bioavailability and instability.
  • Enhanced fucoxanthin delivery through encapsulation can unlock its full therapeutic potential.
  • Further research into optimized encapsulation techniques is warranted for pharmaceutical applications.