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Classification of Skeletal Phenotypes of Preadolescent Patients With Isolated Cleft Palate Using Principal Component

Seung-Hak Baek1, Hyunseung Hong1, Ii-Hyung Yang1

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|August 29, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Preadolescent patients with isolated cleft palate exhibit diverse skeletal growth patterns, with most having normal maxilla position but some showing a retrusive mandible. This highlights varied maxillo-mandibular development in these patients.

Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial biology
  • Orthodontics
  • Pediatric dentistry

Background:

  • Isolated cleft palate (ICP) is a congenital condition affecting facial development.
  • Understanding the skeletal phenotypes in ICP is crucial for effective treatment planning.
  • Previous research has not fully characterized the diverse craniofacial growth patterns in preadolescent ICP patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To classify the skeletal phenotypes of preadolescent patients with isolated cleft palate.
  • To identify distinct maxillo-mandibular growth patterns within this patient group.
  • To compare these patterns with those observed in patients with cleft lip and palate.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis on lateral cephalograms of 64 preadolescent female patients with ICP.
  • Measured ten angular and two ratio cephalometric variables.
  • Classified skeletal patterns based on three key variables identified by PCA: SN-GoMe, SNA, and SNB.

Main Results:

  • Identified six distinct skeletal clusters among the patients.
  • Two-thirds (68.7%) exhibited a normal anteroposterior maxilla position, while one-third (31.3%) showed a retrusive mandible.
  • No significant difference in ICP type distribution was found across the six clusters.

Conclusions:

  • Preadolescent patients with isolated cleft palate display a wide range of maxillo-mandibular growth patterns.
  • The skeletal phenotypes are more diverse than previously assumed, differing from patterns seen in cleft lip and palate.
  • These findings emphasize the need for individualized treatment approaches based on specific skeletal characteristics.

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