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Information-processing abnormalities: trait- and state-dependent components.

D P Saccuzzo, D L Braff

    Schizophrenia Bulletin
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study found that individuals with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder exhibit impaired information processing. These deficits are a fundamental trait in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and can be a state in general psychotic illness.

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Neuroscience
    • Psychiatry
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Thought disorder in schizophrenia may stem from primary dysfunctions in information processing.
    • Visual masking paradigms probe how the central nervous system processes environmental information.
    • Previous research indicates performance deficits in schizophrenic patients.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare information processing in schizophrenic patients versus schizoaffective, bipolar, and depressed patients.
    • To investigate the role of sensory signal availability in cognitive processing.
    • To explore the trait/state formulation of information processing deficits in psychotic disorders.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a visual masking paradigm with varying stimulus intervals.

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  • Presented informational target stimuli followed by noninformational masking stimuli.
  • Compared performance across patient groups: schizophrenia, schizoaffective, bipolar, and nonpsychotic depression.

    • Main Results:

    • Schizophrenic patients demonstrated performance deficits compared to nonpsychotic controls.
    • Schizoaffective and bipolar patients also showed evidence of impaired information processing.
    • Processing deficits were time-dependent, occurring within 500 ms of stimulus input.

    Conclusions:

    • Impaired information processing is a trait of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and a state in psychotic illness.
    • Psychopathology affects cognitive resources, leading to under- or over-provision of sensory information.
    • Findings support a unifying concept linking psychopathological conditions to processing resource limitations.