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Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
Published on: February 8, 2022
Role of echocardiography in patients treated with immune checkpoints inhibitors
Kazuaki Tanabe1, Junya Tanabe2
1Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Japan. kaz@med.shimane-u.ac.jp.
Abstract:
Immune-related adverse events occurring in the heart (cardiac immune-related adverse events; irAEs) by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) include myocarditis, arrhythmia, conduction disturbance, pericardial diseases, and takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Cardiac irAEs are rare but life-threatening. In cardio-oncology, the study of cardiac disorders caused by cancer treatment has recently attracted attention, and such studies may elucidate the pathophysiology of cardiac irAEs and contribute to management strategies. This review discusses the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cardiac irAEs and the role of echocardiography in patients treated with ICIs.
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