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Chronic opioid use and mortality outcomes in patients admitted with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study

Alopi Patel1, Joseph Kim2, Darryl Brown3

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Mount Sinai West and Mount Sinai Morningside Hospitals, New York, New York. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0922-3350.

Journal of Opioid Management
|August 30, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Chronic opioid use did not significantly impact COVID-19 outcomes, including oxygen needs or mortality, in this study. Further research is needed to fully understand the relationship between opioid use and COVID-19 patient results.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Investigated the potential link between chronic opioid use and adverse COVID-19 outcomes.
  • Hypothesized that patients with chronic opioid use might experience worse results after COVID-19 infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if pre-existing chronic opioid use affects COVID-19 patient outcomes.
  • Compared outcomes between opioid-naïve and chronic opioid-using COVID-19 patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 1,361 COVID-19 patients (March-June 2020) in NYC academic hospitals.
  • Used propensity score matching and logistic/Cox regression to analyze oxygen support, mechanical ventilation, length of stay, and mortality.
  • Evaluated oxygen requirements (BiPAP, HFNC) and mechanical ventilation (MV) needs.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences found in oxygen support, BiPAP, HFNC, or mechanical ventilation (MV) use between groups (p > 0.05).
  • Length of stay (LOS) and in-hospital mortality also showed no statistically significant differences.
  • A trend towards reduced need for MV (OR 0.42) and lower mortality (HR 0.75) was observed in the opioid group, but not statistically significant (p=0.080).

Conclusions:

  • Preadmission chronic opioid use did not significantly alter COVID-19 patient outcomes regarding oxygen needs, LOS, MV, or mortality.
  • Further investigation with larger cohorts is necessary to clarify the impact of chronic opioid use on COVID-19 prognosis.
Abstract

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